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Temporary Returns of Health Professionals to Zimbabwe

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IOM Southern Africa Regional Newsletter

June 2010 June 2010

EYE on Migration Health

Issue 3, April 2010 Issue 3, April 2010

Eye On Human Trafficking Newsletter

Issue 22/Feb2010 Issue 22/Feb2010
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Zimbabwe 

 
IOM Member since December 2002
Capital: HarareImage
Population: 13,120,000
Total Area: 390,759 sq km
Major Languages: English (official), Shona, Sindebele
Currency: Zimbabwe dollar (ZWD)
GDP per Capita PPP: USD 2,065
HDI Rank: 151 of 177
Remittances: not available
Net Migration Rate: -0.8 migrants/1000 population
International Migrants: 3.9%
Women as a Percentage of International Migrants: 37.8%
Population under 15: 39.5%
Adult HIV Prevalence: 20.1%
Life Expectancy at Birth: 36.6 years
 
Overview
Migration Activities
Movement, Emergency and Post-crisis Migration Management
Migration Health
Migration and Development
Regulating Migration
Migration Research
Migration Initiatives
Funding and Appeals

Zimbabwe continues to face a multitude of socio-economic challenges. The government's "Operation Restore Order" in 2005 and the "Fast-track Land Reform Programme" which began in 2000 resulted in sizable population relocations throughout the country. In addition, a growing number of Zimbabwean nationals are leaving the country by irregular means, in particular towards South Africa.

Zimbabwe is still a transit and destination country for irregular migration originating elsewhere in Africa as well as from other continents, notably Asia, indicating a continuing need to strengthen its capacities in regulating such movements. IOM will continue to support improvements to border crossings through training and the provision of equipment. Southern African Development Community (SADC) member states, including Zimbabwe, share a concern about irregular migration and concede weaknesses in border security and migration management. As a result, their borders are exploited by international crime syndicates and potentially by terrorist networks.

HIV prevalence in Zimbabwe is high, yet awareness remains low, especially among its mobile populations. One estimate indicates that the prevalence at main border crossings may be twice the national average.

Zimbabwe has also suffered from skills migration towards other countries, and both the public services and private sectors are affected.


Movement, Emergency and Post-crisis Migration Management
Donors
Central Emergency Response Fund (CERF)
European Community Humanitarian Office (ECHO)
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
World Food Programme (WFP)
Government of Australia
Government of Canada
Government of Ireland
Government of Japan
Government of the Netherlands
Government of South Africa
Government of Spain
Government of Sweden
Government of the United Kingdom
Government of the United States of America

IOM, through its implementing partners, facilitates and coordinates targeted assistance to mobile and vulnerable populations affected by the fast-track land reform programme, Operation Restore Order/Murambatsvina, or natural disasters.

In an effort to address the needs of returned migrants and mobile populations, IOM established a reception and support centre which, since its inception in May 2006, has provided food and transportation assistance, basic health care and a referral service for further treatment, information distribution for returned migrants, and training to immigration officials and relevant local authorities on such issues as trafficking and irregular migration.


Main Projects
Emergency Assistance to Mobile and Vulnerable Populations in Zimbabwe: Relief, Reintegration, and Community Health
Humanitarian Assistance to Returned Migrants and Mobile Populations at the South Africa-Zimbabwe border (Beitbridge)


Migration Health
Donors
Central Emergency Response Fund (CERF)
European Community Humanitarian Office (ECHO)
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
World Food Programme (WFP)
Government of Australia
Government of Canada
Government of Ireland
Government of Japan
Government of the Netherlands
Government of South Africa
Government of Spain
Government of Sweden
Government of the United Kingdom
Government of the United States of America

IOM Harare is working with its partners to provide health care and treatment for beneficiaries of emergency assistance programmes. IOM's key interventions include a) improving access to clean water and sanitation facilities; b) establishing the management of solid waste disposal using manual collection and land filling; c) establishing a network of community health volunteers; d) establishing mobile outreach services for health care assistance; and e) implementing a disease surveillance database and early warning system.

HIV/AIDS interventions are mainstreamed through a collaborative effort between IOM and the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA). The goal of this strategy is to disseminate health information about HIV/AIDS and Gender-Based Violence (GBV), while also facilitating the affected population's access to Voluntary Counseling and Testing centres, GBV treatment, post-exposure prophylaxis, and emergency contraception.

Main Projects
Community and Environmental Health Programme
Response to HIV Risks and Gender-Based Violence within Emergencies in Harare
Migration and Development
Donor
IOM

Due to large-scale out-migration, Zimbabwe has seen an accelerated movement of professionals migrating primarily to neighbouring countries. In September 2006 IOM held a conference, "Strengthening National Capacities for Addressing Migration and Development in Zimbabwe" that discussed the brain drain and proposed strategies for addressing it.

Main Projects
Strengthening National Capacities for addressing Migration and Development in Zimbabwe
Regulating Migration
Donors
Government of Norway
Government of the United Kingdom
Government of the United States of America
IOM

IOM continues to assist with the voluntary return and reintegration of Zimbabweans from the United Kingdom and other countries, helping returnees to establish small businesses and engage in educational or vocational training.

With increasing migration movements in the region, including significant irregular migration, and elements of human trafficking and smuggling, the improvement of border management, including the documentation of international entries and exits, has become a high priority. IOM provides assistance to establish computerization at Harare international airport.

Through the regional Southern Africa Counter Trafficking Programme (SACTAP), IOM provides assistance to victims of trafficking and undertakes the capacity-building of law enforcement and social service providers on trafficking in human beings. A counter-trafficking information awareness campaign is currently being implemented in Zimbabwe through radio and printed materials.

Main Projects
Voluntary Assisted Return and Reintegration Programme
Reception and Reintegration Assistance for Returned Migrants from the United Kingdom
Technical Support to Improve Border Management Controls in Zimbabwe
Southern African Counter Trafficking Assistance Programme (SACTAP) - Zimbabwe
Migration Research
Donors
United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)
Government of the United Kingdom

A 2004 study by IOM in Beitbridge showed that, on average, 48 Zimbabwean returned migrants died monthly as a result of a lack of support and other health hazards at the border town. To counter this, the Reception and Support Centre for returnees was established, and an information campaign was launched. The Safe Journey campaign aims to inform all mobile populations and potential migrants in Zimbabwe on how to migrate legally and the risks of failing to do so, e.g., they may face exploitation, physical abuse, rape and HIV/AIDS.

IOM in close coordination with the National AIDS Council, UNFPA and UNAIDS has also conducted a study on HIV and AIDS policies and interventions targeting female sex workers in Zimbabwe. The study mapped the settings and patterns of female sex work, including a situation and response analysis of HIV and AIDS interventions targeting female sex workers in Zimbabwe.

Current research activities are being conducted to gather information about the phenomenon and realties of child trafficking within and from Zimbabwe in order to better tailor and target activities during the second phase, which will include activities targeted toward survivors of child trafficking.

Main Projects
Safe Journey Information Campaign
Joint UN Proposal for Fast Track Funding for a Strengthened HIV/AIDS Response in Zimbabwe
Tackling Child Trafficking in Zimbabwe
 
 

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